Despite intense development of computational technologies, achievements in the area of construction of numerical methods and development of commercial and open-source software, improvements of experimental methods, and high-performance computing facilities, the problem of modelling and simulation of turbulence remains one of the most complex and important problems of fluid dynamics.
Hypersonic flight vehicles could enable a range of future aviation and space missions. However, the extreme environmental conditions associated with high Mach number flight pose a major challenge for vehicle aerodynamics, materials and structures, and flight control, particularly within the hybrid ramjet/scramjet/rocket propulsion systems.