Heavy ion collision experiments recreating the quark–gluon plasma that filled the microseconds-old Universe have established that it is a nearly perfect liquid that flows with such minimal dissipation that it cannot be seen as made of particles.
The electroweak theory unifies two basic forces of nature the weak force and electromagnetism. This achievement is comparable to Maxwell’s unification of electricity and magnetism. The theory made numerous predictions that have been confirmed by experiments.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the mathematical theory that describes the weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions between leptons and quarks, the basic particles of the Standard Model. The new edition of this introductory graduate textbook provides a concise but accessible introduction to the Standard Model.
The most important fact related with fluid motion is to understand the fluid patterns, and the flow structure †vortices, recirculation zones, high mix regions, poor mix regions, calm regions, to name a few. Moreover, most of the flows have turbulent characteristics and turbulence remains one of the unsolved problems in physics.
Physical theories, while devised to model a particular range of phenomena, are evidently linked in a hierarchical fashion. It is this structure which keeps fascinating me. In statistical mechanics, my scientific home-town, the link between atomic and macroscopic properties is one central issue. There we are taught that the emergence of a more restricted theory from a more general one has a rich…
Quantum field theory, our description of the fundamental forces in nature, was originally formulated in continuous space–time, where it leads to embarrassing infinities which have to be eliminated by a process called renormalization. A simple but rigorous formulation can be obtained by replacing continuous space–time by a discrete set of points on a lattice. This clarifies the es…
Moonshine forms a way of explaining the mysterious connection between the monster finite group and modular functions from classical number theory. The theory has evolved to describe the relationship between finite groups, modular forms and vertex operator algebras. Moonshine Beyond the Monster, the first book of its kind, describes the general theory of Moonshine and its underlying concepts, e…
Non-Abelian gauge theories, such as quantum chromodynamics (QCD) or electroweak theory, are best studied with the aid of Green’s functions that are gauge invariant off-shell, but unlike for the photon in quantum electrodynamics, conventional graphical constructions fail. The pinch technique provides a systematic framework for constructing such Green’s functions and has many useful…
Matter is the foundation for any discussion of physics. Matter is what all things are made of; whatever occupies space, has mass, and is perceptible to the senses in some way. According to the Law of Conservation, matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it is possible to change its physical state. When liquid gasoline vaporizes and mixes with air, and then burns, it might seem that this piec…